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A proxy, also known as a proxy can also be referred to by the name of a proxy, is software that acts as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. If there was no proxy in place, the user would be able to send a request to any resource directly to the server, and servers would serve direct to users who requested the resource. This is a simple method to understand and use, however, the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages such as more performance, privacy, security, and so on. As an additional layer of protection proxy servers act as a guardian for the internet, separating clients from servers.

The consensus is that the hardware for servers, paired with proxy software is often referred as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically categorized as software, specifically in relation with web server. We will present a summary of the two major types of proxy that are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each has its own use, which could be confusing because of the same namestamp.

This article will give you an understanding of types of proxies, their subtypes, and what they can do for the most common setups. Through this article, you'll be able to recognize the situations where you could benefit from a proxy and decide on the appropriate option between reverse proxy and forward proxy depending on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy sometimes called the open proxy is a proxy for the user who wishes to transmit a request through the internet to a source server. In this case every attempt to send requests made by the client will rather be sent through the forward proxy. A forward proxy acting in position of the customer will look into the request. It will first determine whether the client is authorized to accept requests through this particular forward proxy. Then, it will either reject any request, or redirect it to the source server. The client is not capable of having direct access to the internet. it will only be capable of accessing the information that the forward proxy gives its access.

A very common reasons for forward proxy is increased security or privacy on the internet. A forward proxy is able to access the internet instead of an individual client, and during that process it could use an alternative IP address as opposed to the original IP address of the user.

Depending on how it's configured, based on the way it's configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features and allow you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Determine restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in systems to offer central security as well as permission-based access, like in a workplace. If all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer, administrators are able to permit only certain users access to the internet. The web is controlled by a standard firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls on the client layer, which could include multiple machines with different configurations and users, a firewall may be placed on an intermediary layer.

Remember that forward proxies must be set up manually for use while reverse proxies could be ignored by the client. Depending on the type of IP address of a client is sent to the server that generated it through the forward proxy, security and privacy can either be provided or rendered more transparent.

There are a myriad of possibilities to consider for forward proxy:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx is a popular open-source webserver which has forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid is an open source forward proxy that makes use of an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the entire web server. You can refer to our guide on how to set up Squid proxy to allow private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it suitable for scenarios such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to set up an Dante proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy acts as the web server that handles the requests of customers on its behalf. This server can serve as a single server or as a series of servers. Additionally, it can contain an application server like Gunicorn. In any of these instances the request will be made via the web at large. Most of the time, the request is sent directly to the web server with all the resources the client in need of. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, separating your website server from communicating with the internet's public.

From a consumer's point of the client's point of reverse proxy is not different from connecting directly to an internet server. It's functionally identical, however clients aren't aware of the difference. The client makes a request for the resource and then gets it, with no additional configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxies offer features such as:

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  A centralized layer of security to guard the server.
  
  
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  The direction of traffic that is according to rules you set up.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache is now available.
  
  

Although central security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy solutions, reverse proxies give this feature only to only the server layer and only the layer that clients use. Instead of focusing on maintaining firewalls at the server level which might contain many servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security is directed at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, eliminating the responsibility of dealing with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers allows them to concentrate solely on delivering the requirements of their clients.

In the case of multiple servers being hosted through a reverse proxy it also is responsible for routing requests towards the servers. Multiple servers may be providing the exact same service, serving different kinds of resources or a mixture of both. They may use their HTTP protocol to function as a standard web server, but they could also incorporate applications server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers based on the requested service, or follow certain guidelines for traffic load.

Reverse proxies can also benefit from their position before web servers by providing the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set by caching rules to avoid from reaching web servers with every request. There are options that provide an option to serve static content directly, without having to communicate with the webserver in any way. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compressing these assets.

The well-known Nginx webserver is known as a wildly popular reverse proxy option. Although it is true that the Apache web server is able to use the ability to reverse proxy as an added feature for Apache but Nginx was designed originally to and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Examples

Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are both associated with a sense of directionality and inaccurate comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic and can be confusing since both kinds of proxies process requests and respond. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy servers would be to analyze the needs of the application you're building.

Reverse proxy is a vital feature in the development of a system to support web applications on the internet. They function as your servers during any interaction through the Internet.

Forward proxy is useful in displaying customer information for personal use or in a work environment. The forward proxy is a representation of the information of the customer when you connect to the internet.

A distinction based on usage cases instead of focusing on similar naming conventions will help avoid confusion.

Conclusion

This article clarified the definition of a proxy with two kinds of proxy being the forward and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and an examination of beneficial attributes were used to distinguish forward proxies from reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the benefits in proxy server, follow our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as web server and reverse proxy within Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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